1869 : Long-distance telegraph Britain-India

 
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Innovation:  Sample Entry
Location: Britain-India
Year:  1869-1870
By: The British-India Submarine Telegraph Company

After the success of the 1866 Atlantic cable expedition, there were plan to lay a similar cable from India to Egypt. The British-Indian Submarine Telegraph Company was formed to provide the final link in the Indo-European submarine telegraph cable by linking Bombay to Aden and then Suez. A contract for the cable was signed and it was ready in October 1869. There were four vessels, Great Eastern carrying 2375nm of cable, Chiltern 260nm, Hibernia 915 nm and Hawk 10nm to accomplish the expedition.
On the 23^rd or October of 1868 the Great Eastern ailed for Portland Harbour to finish coaling. After the first section from Aden towards Suez was laid, the Great Eastern return to Aden for coaling before going back to England. Shortly after the rest of the fleet returned home.
On the second of July of 1870 a telegraphic evening party was held in celebration of the new accomplishment which would allow for better communication between countries.

Source: [1]

1864 : Oriel Chambers

   
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Innovation:  First glass and metal curtain-wall
Location: Liverpool, England
Year:  1864
By: Peter Ellis

Oriel cambers was the world’s first metal framed glass curtain walled building. Built in 1864 by architect Peter Ellis, this building incorporates an area of 43,000 sq. ft. and five floors. This is a great example of Modernist architecture, 19^th-century iron construction located in Liverpool, United Kingdom.  Oriel Chambers is a world-famous building due to its original pre-fabricated structure; it is a very important building in the history of the skyscraper.
This building was constructed more than 20 years before the key buildings in the Chicago School were being designed. It is often mentioned as a footnote in architectural histories as a pioneer in the progress towards modernism.
In present day, Oriel Chambers looks a little different due to combining its period architecture along with 1950 extensions, added after the bombing of World War II.

Sources: [1], [2], [3]

1863 : First Transcontinental Railroad

 
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Innovation:  First Transcontinental Railroad
Location: United States
Year:  1863-1869

Build in the 1860s and officially completed in May 10, 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States linked the well-developed railway network f the Eastern coast with California, which at the time was rapidly growing. Travelers had to take a carriage to Omaha, NE, in order to get on the train and travel to the final destination, San Francisco, Ca.
It is considered to be the greatest technological feat of the 19^th century, built in motivation to connect California and the Union during the Civil War. In its completion, it replaced slower, more dangerous wagon trains, Pony Express and stagecoach lines that crossed the country by land, also t difficult journey through sea around the southern tip of South America.
Talk of the railroad stared in 1830, and in 1849 in the occurrence of the California Gold Rush, California became an important part of the United States, ideal for rail connection. Construction began in 1863 and completed in 1869.
The First Trans. Railroad promoted travel to the west of the United States, which in conclusion let to the expansion of those areas and great economic abundance.

Sources: [1]

1861 : American Civil War

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Innovation:  Cotton Gin, Farming, Submarine, Artillery, Photography, Telegraphs, Railroads, and Steam boats
Location: United States of America
Year:  1861-1865
By: Confederate States and the Union
American Civil War 1861-1865

The American Civil War was the war fought over the secession of the Confederate States. The central reason for war was the role of slavery.
During the war there were many advances in the Industrial Revolution, farming, artillery and other that helped and at times promoted e divisions between the north and south.

• Cotton Gin – made slavery profitable and cotton become the nation’s number one export. The success of the cotton gin helped separate the two sides and bring about war by fostering slavery.
• Farming – farms across the country increased. The Department of Agriculture was founded in 1862, which stimulate agricultural and technical development.
• Submarine – attempted to use but was often times unsuccessful.
• Artillery – minie ball (bullet), guns, and torpedo. The Gatling gun was rarely used but devastating. Torpedoes were like mines. Bullets were easier to load into a rifle than the older ammunition.
• Photography – cameras could capture real life images quickly rather than artist’s impressions. Photo journalism allowed people to understand events during the war.
• Telegraphs – made communication easier and quicker.
• Railroads – enabled goods to be transported faster and more efficiently.
• Steam boats – with the construction of canals, steamboats were also efficient at transportation.

Sources: [1], [2]